Why Athletes are Role Models Essay Example

Why Athletes are Role Models Essay A role model is a person who is admired and emulated by many. The term role model was for the first time used by Robert Merton after he noted that people compared themselves with others. In sports, those athletes who perform to the expectations of the fans are taken as role models and are emulated by their fans. Role models are often under heavy scrutiny of the media and so the chances that their negative aspects of life are brought to the light are very high but despite this, they still shine as role models. Because of their outstanding skills and uniqueness when it comes to sports, they are admired by people of all ages, the young and the old. This research paper will try to bring an understanding to the question, why athletes are role models despite the fact that they are highly scrutinized by the media.Most athletes shine in areas where they are even not expected to shine. For example, when a certain popular athlete is involved in scandal he/she tends to become more popular becau se of the publicity he/she receives. People focus on what they have achieved in the past but not on that one single bad event. It is not by choice that athletes become role models but it is their status, wealth and determination that makes them admirable by the public and a case in hand is of Marion Jones who despite the fact that she tested positive to performance drugs and sentenced for six months, she still is a role model to many. People cannot forget the achievements and good things that have been by the said athlete in the past but this is only different when it comes to sports where achievements are based on ones extra ordinary character traits but in other fields it is different. (Lensky, 2008, 78-80)Most of the things that are done by athletes outside the field are not publicized as much as those done in the field but the fact is that, although they are not reported people cannot fail to recognize them. It is their virtues and character in general that make them who they ar e for example their diligence, sportsmanship, perseverance and the value of training that make them to be taken as role models by many people but according to Julian Morrow, some of the character traits that make them shine such as high temperedness and dare daring behaviors make up somebody who you cannot like to stay the next door. (Schaller, T. 2004)According to Putnam, (87) athletes occupy a unique position in the pantheon of celebrities and it is for this reason that they become famous. Unlike comedians, television presenters and actors who spend much of their time on stage and televisions to be popular, the case is different when it becomes to sports because here it is their sheer ability and hard work that counts. When people realize their uniqueness, they become attracted to them and even begin to emulate what they do or what they say.The mass media plays a very vital role in informing the public on what is happening in the sports’ field. According to various surveys that have been done in the past, (Lensky, 2008, 78) the number of people who rely on the media (television and internet) to know what is going on in sports are more than those that attend the live shows. Even some people who seem to know much about sports as if they attend these shows get that information from the media. For this reason the role that media plays cannot be down played for if it does not keep us posted, then we would know very little about sports.Many athletes who are successful have admirable and extra ordinary lifestyles because they have a lot of money and this makes them to be highly envied by their fans. Due to the scrutiny that they are given by the media they are forced to act in a more responsible manner rather than how they would have behaved behind the scenes. Some people even expect athletes to become role models in matters that do not pertain what they do in the field and this gives them a hard time to meet such expectations. Some people think that this is expecting too much. â€Å"†¦It is unfair to ask athletes to serve as role models because they live their lives in a kind of moral vacuum, created by years of pampered treatment from parents, friends, fans, coaches, team officials and agents. They are ill prepared for the task.†(Putnam, 80)The irony with the media’s close scrutiny of the athletes is that it can give a person who might not have gotten a chance to become role model to become one. Not all that the media airs is taken by the public no matter how positive or negative it is, in fact the final judgment as to who should become a role model or not lies with them. According to Putnam (80), Charles Berkley became a role model not because of his outstanding skills in sports but because of the simple reason that he initiated the public debate that was featured in the media many times. He was opposed to the role that athletes are given by the public as role models.In short, though athletes are heavily scrutiniz ed by the media, they are still seen as role models. It is true that almost everything that we come to know comes from the media but it is the people who know who their role model is. Media may try to paint dark the name of an athlete but still remain a role model again; this negative publicity might work to their advantage. Another thing that favors athletes despite the fact that they are always under the eyes of the media is that they too realize that they are being watched and thus they behave more responsibly than they would do in normal circumstances.

Mills Utilitarianism Essays - Utilitarianism, Classical Liberalism

Mills Utilitarianism Essays - Utilitarianism, Classical Liberalism Mill's Utilitarianism When faced with a moral dilemma, utilitarianism identifies the appropriate considerations, but offers no realistic way to gather the necessary information to make the required calculations. This lack of information is a problem both in evaluating the welfare issues and in evaluating the consequentialist issues which utilitarianism requires be weighed when making moral decisions. Utilitarianism attempts to solve both of these difficulties by appealing to experience; however, no method of reconciling an individual decision with the rules of experience is suggested, and no relative weights are assigned to the various considerations. In deciding whether or not to torture a terrorist who has planted a bomb in New York City, a utilitarian must evaluate both the overall welfare of the people involved or effected by the action taken, and the consequences of the action taken. To calculate the welfare of the people involved in or effected by an action, utilitarianism requires that all individuals be considered equally. Quantitative utilitarians would weigh the pleasure and pain which would be caused by the bomb exploding against the pleasure and pain that would be caused by torturing the terrorist. Then, the amounts would be summed and compared. The problem with this method is that it is impossible to know beforehand how much pain would be caused by the bomb exploding or how much pain would be caused by the torture. Utilitarianism offers no practical way to make the interpersonal comparison of utility necessary to compare the pains. In the case of the bomb exploding, it at least seems highly probable that a greater amount of pain would be caused, at least in the present, by the bomb exploding. This probability suffices for a quantitative utilitarian, but it does not account for the consequences, which create an entirely different problem, which will be discussed below. The probability also does not hold for Mill's utilitarianism. Mill's Utilitarianism insists on qualitative utilitarianism, which requires that one consider not only the amount of pain or pleasure, but also the quality of such pain and pleasure. Mill suggests that to distinguish between different pains and pleasures we should ask people who have experienced both types which is more pleasurable or more painful. This solution does not work for the question of torture compared to death in an explosion. There is no one who has experienced both, therefore, there is no one who can be consulted. Even if we agree that the pain caused by the number of deaths in the explosion is greater than the pain of the terrorist being tortured, this assessment only accounts for the welfare half of the utilitarian's considerations. Furthermore, one has no way to measure how much more pain is caused by allowing the bomb to explode than by torturing the terrorist. After settling the issues surrounding the welfare, a utilitarian must also consider the consequences of an action. In weighing the consequences, there are two important considerations. The first, which is especially important to objectivist Utilitarianism, is which people will be killed. The second is the precedent which will be set by the action. Unfortunately for the decision maker, the information necessary to make either of these calculations is unavailable. There is no way to determine which people will be killed and weigh whether their deaths would be good for society. Utilitarianism requires that one compare the good that the people would do for society with the harm they would do society if they were not killed. For example, if a young Adolf Hitler were in the building, it might do more good for society to allow the building to explode. Unfortunately for an individual attempting to use utilitarianism to make for decisions, there is no way to know beforehand what a person will do. Furthermore, without even knowing which building the bomb is in, there is no way to predict which people will surely be in the building. A subjectivist utilitarian would dismiss this consideration and would examine only what a rational person would consider to be the consequence; however, even the subjectivist utilitarian must face the question of precedent setting. Utilitarianism considers justice and humane treatment to be good for society as a whole and therefore instrumentally good as a means

Creative Process Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Creative Process - Research Paper Example Warhol gained a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree at the Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1949 and went to New York right after his school days with the intention of working as a commercial artist. He became successful in his endeavor and thus begun his other works that made him famous, bringing out the genius in him not only with the camera and brush but included writing and sculpturing. His acquaintances with celebrities gave him the privilege of painting the famous during his time and were included in his subjects of interest. His list includes Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley, Elizabeth Taylor, Jackie Kennedy Onassis and Truman Capote, making them painted portraits which accelerated him to stardom, receiving commissions from wealthy socialites, musicians and film stars (Carnegie Museum of Pittsburgh). Georgia O’Keeffe was trained by a grammar teacher to draw along with her sister in their early age and taught to paint by a local water color painter (georgia-okeeffe.com). She we nt to the School of the Art Institute of Chicago in 1905 then continued her studies at the New York’s Art Student League in 1907 through a scholarship. Five years later, she taught at the Catham Episcopal Institute and later worked as a drawing supervisor in Texas. After years of teaching, she went back to her passion and started drawing using charcoal, sending some of her work to a friend who showed it to an acquaintance who appreciated her work and later became her husband, Alfred Stieglitz. This introduction begun her successful career as a painter which lasted through the years despite the challenges of her life like the death of her husband and her blindness brought about by old age. Despite these, she continued to paint and in the later part of her life, was assisted in her works due to her blindness. Ralph Vaughan Williams, a musician who made his first composition at the very young age of six showed signs of a genius with his work and his learning to play the piano, o rgan and violin as a child. At fifteen, he went to the Charterhouse then to the Royal college of Music to study composition from Hubert Parry and Charles Villiers Stanford, to Trinity College to read history and take his Bachelor of Music (hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com). Later, he went to Paris for an intensive training with Ravel, being unsatisfied with his work â€Å"Toward the Unknown Region† despite its acclamation at the 1907 Leeds Festival. Ravel’s music most probably made the distinction in Williams’ music so that later, his teacher said that William did not play his music. On his return, the composer finally found himself, found what he wanted in his music and begun composing with his own style reflecting the Williams genius in him in full originality (hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com). Writing runs in the blood of Robert Graves which is usually stressed by biographers, mentioning his great uncle, Leopold von Ranke who was a highly accomplished historian an d Richard Graves, a relative who wrote a novel successful in the 18th century. Through a scholarship, Robert went to Charterhouse after preparatory school where he began writing poetry, performing well enough academically and earned yet another scholarship to St. Johns College in Oxford. However, with the declaration of the war, he enlisted and joined the Royal Welsh

Moral Views on Plastic Surgery Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Moral Views on Plastic Surgery - Assignment Example Second will be the evident willingness of surgical operators to offer layaway surgery plans that are arguably meant to help patients afford surgery while at the same time carry out illegal plastic surgery operations. Finally, this essay will explore the question of how the American pop culture as well as the different media channels have influenced personal awareness for millions of people, making them indulge into the modern ideals of attractiveness and, as a result, driving them towards having unnecessary plastic surgery. Sociocultural and religious aspects will also be explored. John Stuart Mill’s ethical theory of utilitarianism this suggests that the basis of morality is the action that one chooses to take. The ethical decision made in this regard should be focused on maximizing utility or pleasure. He states that people generally focus on the achievement of pleasure, meaning that they should engage in making decisions that are confined within the premise of utilitarianism (HAUSKELLER, 2011). In what he refers to as the greatest happiness principle, he adds that one’s action should be judged on its extent to rightness or wrongness based on the extent of pleasure or pain that it causes for the highest number of people. However, it has been argued that there are two different kinds of pleasure, which include bodily pleasure and intellectual pleasure. Intellectual pleasure should take precedence, owing to the fact that it stimulates the mind and amounts to more benefits for more people. For instance, a person that composes a good song creates p leasure for millions of people while one who listens to music creates pleasure for himself. As such, composing his of higher pleasure than listening, just like having sex to have a child than doing it for pleasure. Having discussed the ethical insights presented by Mill, a look at the

Judicial Decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Judicial Decisions - Essay Example In addition to this there seems to be differing schemes protecting both the landlord and the tenants found in the distinction of the equitable and legal leases. The distinction becomes extremely important as if an interest in land is found to be a lease then one is protected by the Rent Acts, while the licence seems to encompass only limited rights as according to the terms of the arrangement between the parties with minimal state intervention. It is one of the fundamental themes in accepting what a lease is that the period identified in the arrangement between the landlord and the occupier is for a fixed term. In Lace V. Chantler [1944], it was held that a lease for the duration of a war was not a certain period as one could not surely envisage when the war would be over, thus this would be a licence revocable when the war would be over. However, even a short term, for instance a month to month agreement would seem to be satisfying the requirements of the LPA 1925 as each party holds power by notice to determine the continuity of the lease at the end of each month and this saves the arrangement from being uncertain. (Prudential Assurance Co. Ltd v London Residuary Board [1992]) Even time sharing agreements have been held to be tenancies recently (Cottage Holiday Associates Ltd v. Customs and Excise Commissioners [1983], Smallwood V. Sheppards [1895]). Perhaps even here, the underlying fact remains the intention of the par ty which could be evidenced by virtue of the mode of payment and the time period even though this is not an essential element (Ashburn Anstall v. Arnold [1989]). The concept of exclusive possession is also a very important one in the determination of a lease. Essentially, where the occupier could exclude anyone at all and is free to use the land as he wants subject to certain restrictions, this arrangement could easily be termed as a lease. Where a landlord had rights reserved to enter the premises, empty meters and change linen, it was held to be a licence (Appah v. Parncliffe Investments [1964]. A similar analogy could be drawn with the occupation of rooms in hotels and motels. It is normally quite clear to the occupier that he does not have the rights of a tenant with regards to the room he is occupying and his rights only stem from and are limited to the service contract concluded between him and the hotel, etc. Hence, the traditional distinction between a lease and a licenc

History of Network Interface Cards

History of Network Interface Cards Introduction Ethernet is a standard that enable two or more computer to share information and communicate. Ethernet network, also known as local area network (LAN), connects computers which can transfer data at the speed of 10Mbps or more. Since its invention, Ethernet standard has evolved a lot. Improved media access control methods, alternate physical medium and higher bandwidth are some of examples of evolution. This paper describes the network hardware which is used for establishing Ethernet connection. The pricing of the hardware is reducing day by day and they are very easy to maintain. Network interface cards (NIC) Most PC motherboard manufacturers offer a built-in Network Interface Card (NIC), also known as Ethernet Card, as Ethernet is now omnipresent and the twisted pair Ethernet requires small panel space. However, if a computer doesnt have NIC, it requires installation of a separate network card; CPU of the computer cannot process information at network speed. NIC is a kind of network adapter. It supports the Ethernet standard for high-speed network connections via cables; a connector in conjunction with NIC accepts cable to physical network. NIC come programmed with a globally unique 48-bit address, identified as MAC address of the machine. In the IEEE 802 LAN, the MAC addresses are used to identify both the source and the destination of each data packet. Generally, NICs do not accept packets addressed to other machines. NIC cards have evolved over the years; however, its different forms are used even today in older computers and these types of cards are available in market yet. Large ISA cards were the foremost standard for PCs and their installation required opening computer case. Modern Ethernet cards use the  PCI  standard and are usually installed inside the computer by the manufacturer. For laptop and mobile computers, smaller  PCMCIA  Ethernet cards that resemble credit cards are available. External USB Ethernet adapters are also available and they look like small boxes instead of cards. They are mostly used with video game consoles and as alternative to PCI cards. Transceiver: Ethernet interface can be either with 10BaseT or AAUI (Apple Attachment Unit Interface) connectors, in case of MAC computer. If there is AAUI port, then there is need to have a transceiver, actually AAUI-10BaseT transceiver. The transceiver has an AAUI cable at one end and 10BaseT connector jack at the other end. Cables Ethernet cables consists cable of at least Category 5 (Cat. 5) and 8P8C (often recognized as RJ45) connectors. This type of cables is used to connect all computers with Ethernet interface with 10BaseT connectors. CAT 5 UTP wire is required for basic 10/100 Mbps speed, whereas Cat 5e supports gigabit (1000BaseT) operation. Category 5 is the most popular of all twisted pair cables employed today and is the fifth generation of twisted pair Ethernet technology. Either Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) or STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) cable can be used; later is used for extra resistance to external interference. Twisted Pair cable comes mainly in two varieties, solid and stranded. Stranded cables are better applicable in short-distance usage and patch applications for desktop use. They are more pliable and resilient than solid one. Solid Ethernet cable is used in longer length runs and in fixed wirings such as office building. Newer cable technologies like CAT6 and CAT7 are in development. Tho ugh Cat 6 or higher offers future proofing measure, CAT5 / CAT5e Ethernet cable stays the popular choice for most wired  local area networks (LANs) as it gives enough speed and is affordable. Due to their physical resemblance, the 8P8C modular connectors are often called RJ45. It looks like a large phone plug with an 8-position modular connector. These connectors come in a few variations; the primary variation is based on whether the connector is meant for solid or stranded wire. Hubs More than two computers in the LAN cannot be easily connected without using hub. Hub is a small, inexpensive and passive device that connects all devices and allows only one device on the network to talk at a time. To connect the computers to Ethernet hub, an Ethernet cable is first connected into hub and then other end is connected to each computers NIC. RJ-45 connectors are accepted by all Ethernet hubs. All devices must be running at the same speed on a hub. Ethernet Hubs vary depending on the speed they support. Earlier, hubs supported just 10 Mbps speed whereas today, hubs supporting 100 Mbps speed are easily available. Some also support dual speeds i.e. 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps. The number of ports supported by hub also varies. Hubs supporting 4-5 ports (for home usage) to 16 ports (for small office usage) are available. In order to increase the network to incorporate more devices, Ethernet hubs can also be connected to each other, to  routers or switches. Bridge   A  bridge  is a hardware device which filters data traffic at a network boundary. Bridges divide the traffic on a LAN in two segments and thus reduce the amount of traffic. This device functions at the layer 2 of the OSI model data link layer. Bridge scrutinizes incoming traffic and takes decision whether to discard or forward it. For example, an Ethernet bridge looks thoroughly each incoming Ethernet frame for its destination and source MAC addresses, and sometimes the frame size and accordingly makes independent forwarding decisions. In fact, Bridges serve a similar function as switches; both operate at Layer 2. Conventional bridges support one network boundary, whereas switches generally offer four or more hardware ports. Switch Like hub, switch also allows to connect multiple computers within a LAN. However, it operates at Data Link layer and permits multiple devices to talk at the same time. Switch can perform automatic speed conversations. Switch has more intelligence than a hub. Switches can inspect data packets as they are obtained, decide the destination and source device for each packet and forward them accordingly. A network switch gives better performance than hub as it preserves network bandwidth  by delivering messages only to the device intended. Traditional Ethernet switches support either 10/100  Mbps  speed or  Gigabit Ethernet  (10/100/1000) standards. There are various models of network switches which support varying number of connected devices; generally most of network switches offer either four or eight connections for Ethernet devices. To add increasingly larger number of devices to a LAN, switches can be connected to each other this approach is also called daisy chaining  method. Router Router is a physical device that connects multiple networks together. They look just like hubs and switches, small, box-type piece of equipment which numerous computers can connect to. However, compared to switch or hub, a router is far more sophisticated network device. Conventional routers are designed to connect multiple area networks such as WANs and LANs. For example, on a large corporate network or on the Internet, routers work as midway destinations for network traffic. They receive TCP/IP packets, look into each packet to recognize the source and destination IP addresses and then forward these packets as needed to make sure the data attains its final target. Technically, a router works at the layer 3 of the OSI model, network layer and works as a gateway. Home networkers often use an Internet Protocol (IP) router as IP is the widest employed OSI network layer protocol. An IP router, like a cable modem router or DSL, connects the homes LAN with the WAN of the Internet.

Public v. Private Life Essay

In Milan Kundera’s book, Testaments Betrayed, he contends that people act very differently when they are in public compared to their private lives. Milan appropriately emphasizes the need for separation between one’s public and private life, and asserts that the real criminals are the ones who attempt to break that boundary. Logically, people will say and do things when they are alone that would be beyond the realm of appropriate behavior when they are in public. Therefore, I agree with Kundera’s claim that the curtain between these two worlds should not be tampered with and that the curtain-rippers are the actual offenders. There are many times where national chaos and embarrassment has been created through people meddling in the private lives of other people. For example, the paparazzi are constantly trying to expose the personal experiences of countless celebrities. Recently they succeeded with the infiltration of the universal picture-messaging application, Snapchat, as well as Apple’s coveted web-based storage facility, the iCloud. These hackers were able to obtain numerous explicit photographs of renowned actresses, including Jennifer Lawrence and Victoria Justice, and distribute them for the world to see. This is extremely embarrassing to those women and, much to their chagrin, those pictures meant for somebody close and important to them are now being hungrily consumed by the eyes of some 12-year old kid on their laptop. Since this barrier between private and personal life was broken by meddlers, these celebrities are now viewed as indecent, and have lost much of the admiration they had before the incident. How could the exposure of one’s private life to the entire world possibly be considered just? These ladies did nothing wrong, yet they are harshly criticized for their actions because somebody wanted to interfere in their private lives. This incident clearly demonstrates that the insatiable paparazzi, not the innocent celebrities, are the true criminals here. Our nation’s history also holds many instances of interferers meddling in the private lives of our elected officials. One such example would be Bill  Clinton’s affair with Monica Lewinsky. Yes, he did cheat on his wife, but was it really fair to let the entire world know that he did that? When the government was informed about the situation, the president’s unfortunate predicament was broadcast to the entire nation. The situation escalated to the point of unjustified impeachment hearings, but fortunately Clinton was acquitted by the Senate. Clinton nearly lost his beloved wife and his job because his private life was exposed by those who had no right to be sticking their noses into his personal affairs. The peeping Toms that yanked open the curtain between Clinton’s actions backstage and his affairs in the public’s spotlight completely ruined Clinton’s life. If these felons hadn’t intruded, Clinton would have been spared a world full of ignominy and embarrassment. Therefore, it is indisputable that the ones truly at fault are the criminals who exposed Clinton, because his lives, both private and public, were devastated by their irresponsible actions. In summary, past invasions of privacy have shown that many negative effects may result from such rash and unprovoked actions. It is therefore only just and proper that the steel grate between one’s private and public lives remain forever and eternally sealed.

Ethnic Literature and Postcolonialism In Barta’s Essay

The definition of ethnic literature â€Å"is literature like any other, except that it contains ethnic references. † (Reilly p. 2). Another definition of ethnic literature is when there is a literature work that contain religious beliefs, racial issues, linguistics, or cultural heritage. In another word, ethnic literature is the literary work that includes particular culture, beliefs, or linguistics distinction. Postcolonial literary theory draws attention in the issue of cultural difference emerging in the society. One of the issues which may often appear during the class discussion is hybridity. It seems that people who have been faced by the fact that they are living in a ‘hybrid world’ tend to be confused by their real status. They realize for their interest, but they can not avoid the possibility becoming ‘in between’. Although , they are included into one part, the native part, but on the other hand they can not deny the deep feeling to be pleasant considering themselves different with the other. There is a kind of more value they have compared with their surround, and they think it is worthy to be kept. Of course, this feeling comes into their mind by some reasons. There must be an additional value added into their original culture. The additional value may be in the form of a new ideology, belief or view which are brought by the dominating. The dominated rarely conscious with the impact. They usually only feel that it is a natural process which become the impact of daily social interaction they are engaged in. Another issue which emerges in postcolonial discussion is about dominated-dominating one. We can not expect who actually take the role as ‘dominating’ or ‘dominated’. The practice may turn over, the dominated may become the dominating in the same time toward different object, vice versa. We are also introduced by ‘Otherness’ theory. It makes someone consider that she or he are different from the other, and other people is not the same with her or him. Gadis Tangsi tells a story about a girl life, namely Teyi. She is a Javanese girl who grew up in the Javanese tradition. She lives with his parents and sibling in tangsi area. She was taught to become an obedient girl by her mother with many limitations as a girl. She helps her mother to sell fried bananas every day. Teyi finds herself limited by some rules which are considered as the right rules for her mother. She even does not know how ‘love’ or how to be ‘loved’ by a man. She was taught to be a polite woman. She finally finds who she is when she is introduced to Putri Parasi by Ndara Tuan Kapten Sarjubehi who has helped her. That is the beginning of her new experience to recognize a new world, the world that she has never imagined before. Putri Parasi teaches her everything to be ‘a good lady’. Putri Parasi likes Teyi for her politeness. She more likes Teyi after being saved when her disease comes immediately. Putri Parasi expects to teach her how to behave well. She even teaches Teyi to speak Dutch. Teyi starts to be able to read and write. Putri Parasi really wants to prepare her to be taken to Surakarta Keraton and introduced her to a man who will be married with her. She plans to make Teyi deserve to have a husband from Keraton families. In the novel Gadis Tangsi written by Suparto Brata, we can see some unexpected phenomenon occur. It makes me realize that actually there are still many things covered even by what Javanese people considered as ‘budaya adiluhung’. The word ‘politeness’, ‘hospitality’ and ‘dignity’ which come into people mind when they heard about Javanese culture become blur after they read this novel. Javanese woman who is considered as an obedient woman and become a mercy for whom takes her as a wife may be surprised by what Suparto tells about Teyi and Dumilah. He brings them in this novel as representative of Javanese woman character, in different point of view. However, the story about them, for me, is far from the stereotype of common Javanese women (may be just a few). The feeling of ‘in between’ seem to be experienced by Teyi. She starts to know about how the way the higher status people behave since she meets Putri Parasi. Teyi realizes that her life style is quite different from her, and she is glad when she knows that Putri Parasi does not mind introducing this new culture to her. From this intentional interaction, after she is taught how to behave like ‘putri bangsawan’, Teyi starts to consider she has a chance to be the same with them. Even she lives with her parents, she starts to consider that she is better than them. She has been raised from the lower part. She has more power than the people in the house. The very obvious impact of this teaching actually appears when Teyi has been left by Putri Parasi. After she passed away, Teyi become independent from the influence of Putri Parasi. Although, there are still some traces of her teaching inside Teyi which reflect in the way she behaves. She seems take the dominating position over her husband, Sapardal. Sapardal feeling about his lower position when they have been married becomes the cause of the divorce. Only two days of marriage, and Teyi considers that she has a right to sue divorce, while Sapardal can only keep silent without any comment. In this relationship, Sapardal as a man who actually considered as ‘the dominating’ take the role as ‘the dominated’. He does not feel on the same level with Teyi. He admits that he has no power compared to Teyi. He even has no courage to touch her in their first night of marriage. Here, we can see the role between man and woman has shifted. Brata seems to show us that the role of people in the society is like running on the moving wheel. The dominating and dominated are only a symbol of someone position, which also can be shifted based on where we are standing. Sapardal may fail in maintaining his position as superior in front of Teyi. The cultural change also appears in this novel. Sexual intercourse is not considered as a sacral any longer for almost all the women in this novel. During my reading, I wonder if I read Indonesian culture literary work, especially belong to Javanese one. However, Brata wrote the novel using the Indonesian condition in the past, in the colonial occupation. In this situation, it is not easy to determine which one who still hold the original value since the influence of other ideology come into the life in that simple way. The force of a new ideology input is not directly felt in this novel. The indigenous people enjoy the acculturation between the dominated and the dominating. It also happens in the shifting of the way they see sexual intercourse actually is. What we call as a taboo becomes commonly conducted by the people. Teyi is defined as a free woman, even she has been married and becomes a wife of Sapardal, and she breaks the rule by having intercourse with Ndara Tuan Kapten Sarjubehi. It seems that she wants to take a revenge to Dumilah who is considered had cheated her by having romantic affair with her master. Sapardal can not do anything. He has failed to become a good husband. This thinking is from his own side. When we look at this phenomenon, again, Teyi proves that she has had a power over a man from her own society. She starts to have a right to consider a man like Sapardal is not at the same level with her. However, in my opinion it will not happen if Sapardal never has the way of thinking. Actually, he has thought that she is great and different from the other woman in his environment before they are married. That makes he has no courage to touch her at their first night. It also makes Teyi feels not being regarding or respecting as a wife. She thinks that Sapardal has no desire toward her, and she thinks that it is better to ask divorce. What a short way of thinking! I found that Teyi has put a wrong way of thinking about what Putri Parasi had taught to her. It seems that she does not consider marriage as a sacral relationship any longer. ‘Love’ relationship has been considered as a ‘real’ relationship when we have passion to have sex with our couple. Is that so simple? That is the way Teyi think about love basically. It is shown also when she does not mind to have sex with her ex-master, Ndara Tuan Kapten Sarjubehi, and then she starts to love someone else, Ndara Mas Kus. There is no any guilty feeling. Finally, we can conclude that there are three aspect of postcolonial reading for Gadis Tangsi has been discussed above. First, hybridity appears when Teyi finds herself has involved and being a part of Putri Parasi’s society, Keraton environment since she has been able to behave and speak like her, so she considers that she is a part of Putri community. While she has that feeling, she still can not avoid other people consideration about her who is only becoming a servant and will not become like them. Second, dominating feeling toward Sapardal comes into her mind. There is dominating-dominated in shifting model between them. It seems a denial for a man who usually considered as the dominating one, while Teyi proves that it can be shifted. Last, ‘Otherness’ theory also emerges in this novel. After having taught to have attitude and behave like Putri Parasi model, Teyi finally considers herself different with other woman in her society. It appears in the way she treats Dumilah who is her old friend. She thinks that Dumilah has no right to become ‘a munci’ of Ndara Tuan Kapten Sarjubehi because she is not at the same level with her or Ndara. Reference Ashcroft, Bill, et. al. 1946. The Empire Writes Back. London : Routledge Barry, Peter. 1824. Beginning Theory. Manchester : Manchester University Press Brata, Suparto. 2004. Gadis Tangsi. Jakarta : Kompas Reilly, John. 1978. Critical Approaches to Ethnic Literature. London : Oxford University Press

Franchise Business Ownership Essay Example

Franchise Business Ownership Essay Example Franchise Business Ownership Essay Franchise Business Ownership Essay Franchise Business Ownership Name: Course: Institution: : Instructor: Date: Executive Summary Franchise is a business method that incorporates marketing strategies for the sake of rapid expansion of various business ventures. Business franchisors are independent entities in the market that develop outlets, or franchisees and offer to brand them with their id entity and give them a trademark logo. In return, the franchisees are supposed to sign the franchise agreement that stipulates the way they will run their businesses, and this should be done in the presence of the lawyer of the franchisee. Therefore, they must adhere to the business practices of the franchisors to sustain their legal relationship. In most cases, the business practices are accordant to the success of the business. The franchisors also give the outlet businesses the right to sell their goods or services. They are well organized, and they monitor the sales of the goods or service to realize the weaknesses and improve on them. The franchisees enjoy the profits of the businesses if they follow the rules as st ipulated in the franchise contract. However, upon breach of contract, there is a threat of franchise termination where the two franchise parties cease to be partners. Although it is usually advisable for established businesses to get into a franchise contract rather than small and new ones, new business are also at a great advantage to become franchisees. However, they must make a good choice. If the franchisor has assessed the business venture and has seen potential growth, it will offer a franchise deal to the business. In addition, franchisors often have training opportunities for the owners of the new businesses that give them comprehensive insight on management and operation strategies. They also provide them with manuals that will act as references in the future. This puts the potential entrepreneurs at an advantage of knowing their competitors and assessing the risks to avoid or mitigate them in the future. In as much as franchising is feasible, there are still other alternat ives that businesses can choose for their establishment and operations, though the pros of franchising are weighty as compared to the rest. Background The Hatches Coffee Shop is a small business, which two couples, Ken and Mary Hatch want to start up and establish. Both have previously served as employees with Ken having been a caretaker for a local school in Markham for 20 years and Mary, a coffee shop attendant for 8 years. However, they do not have tangible experience in the field of management of restaurants. Ken has vague management skills on supervision considering his promotion to supervisor in the local school, in Markham, while Mary has been an employee in a coffee shop for as long as 8 years. They are very optimistic about the business venture because they need emancipation from the bondage of obtaining orders from the bosses having been employed for such a long time. The Hatches need to commence the coffee shop with minimal risks hoping to reap better benefits. They are pondering on sealing a contract with a successful Canadian Franchise nationally known as Second Cup, which was formed in 1975, Toronto. The Canadian Fra nchise has shown remarkable development with its extension of 400 outlets countrywide. It operates on a franchise fee of $ 20,000 and a promotional fee of 9% of gross sales. It is based on additional cost of $ 200,000 for equipment and other start-up costs as the total investment for an outlet in Markham. Second Cup also takes the responsibility of constructing the business building of the franchisers and rents it to them. The company offers an extensional service to the franchiser with the help of their bank if the franchiser is unable to begin with $200,000 but is dedicated to seal the deal. Here, the bank finances the remainder of what the franchiser can offer at a levied 5% upon the signing of the contract. Second Cup has a Coffee College at which it offers a three-week comprehensive course pertaining to the training of franchisers on the fundamentals of the coffee and retail business. Presently, Second Cup thrives with five Markham outlets. Problem Statement The Hatches want to be self-employed by establishing their own coffee shop with minimal risks through a franchise contract with Second Cup. They have a vague idea of management, though not substantial enough to confidently manage the coffee shop since have limited ideas in managing a restaurant. The well organized operating and monitoring system, growing coffee sales and parent company, offer opportunities for success although the Hatches are faced with many experienced future competitors in contract with Second Cup. Analysis of Firm and Industry Market Structure There are competitive coffee houses and shops and fast foods outlets that sell coffee in Markham. The form is perfect competition since there are many shops, outlets and coffee houses selling the same product. This type of form has no barriers to entry of another business involved with selling or serving coffee and it consists of many sellers and buyers while coffee remains the undifferentiated commodity. There are three Starbuck coffee houses in the region, many other independent coffee shops and other fast-food outlets selling coffee. This market form allows the Hatches to venture into the industry smoothly and share the same market as the rest. They have a stiff competitor, Starbucks, who have three coffee houses and are already franchisers with Second Cup. Key participants The key participants in the establishment of the small business are the Hatches and the Second Cup, a Canadian franchise. The Hatches are ordinary employees who are in dire need of being their own bosses by starting up the coffee shop. Despite their lack of proficiency in restaurant management, they have expressed their enthusiasm by conducting a survey on the Canadian Franchise to enable to reach a decision. The decision is based on whether to sign the franchise contract or not. Mary Hatch went a notch higher by gathering information on the Franchise Company and its need of franchisees from her boss in the coffee shop where she has been working. Second Cup has an attractive offer to his clients since it deals with promotion for the product of the small business and it takes charge of the premise of the business by building it and renting it back to the business owners. This pushes the business plan of the Hatches forward and gives them a chance to maximize all the opportunities in the area. As a franchisee, it will work to ensure that the Hatches get all the business information they need. Since Second Cup has partnerships with other coffee houses as well, it is better placed to advise the Hatches on the type of promotion strategies to apply to have a competitive advantage. The Hatches will be able to jumpstart their business growth. However, there is still a probability that Second Cup can be bought off by the Starbucks coffee houses to bend its favor towards them and, therefore, conceal necessary information from the Hatches. If the Hatches do not make the right choice concerning the contract, they will be faced with myriads of challenges that will see to it that their small business crumbles and their capital will go down the drain. Nevertheless, second cup have proven to be more promising by providing them with a financial statement sample that would give the couple a framework for a business plan. Important Trends There are important trends that the Hatches should consider before getting into the franchise agreement with Second Cup. The franchise agreement will be a bond between the Hatches and Second Cup for a successful future. It will determine the direction of the coffee shop as a small business and its beneficial outcomes. The three-week course Second Cup is offering the Hatches will enable them to go through the training process, to get insight on major business operations. There are legal implications in case of breach of contract. S.W.O.T Strength The strength of the Hatches coffee shop becoming a franchisee is the fact that they already have a clear starting point. Second Cup will ensure that they have sufficient business training and will organize a premise for them. Upon that, the Hatches Coffee Shop will run on the grounds of the franchise policies, which work to make the small business successful. Second Cup will also ensure that the hatches stick to what is best for their coffee shop when they finally start it. Therefore, the Hatches coffee shop will be treading on the right path. In addition, as a franchisee of Second Cup, the Hatches will have a business privilege of legitimately having a trademarked logo and name for the coffee shop as part of their business plan and marketing expertise. Second Cup has already considered promotion campaigns for the Hatches coffee shop. Another advantage of a franchise agreement is that the franchise company has already established the same contract with other related business like Se cond Up has with Starbucks. In case of a breach of contract, in the future the Hatches coffee shop together with Starbucks can launch complaints until there are rectifications. Weakness The weakness of this franchise contract would be unexpected investments incurred on Hatches coffee shop. In the event that Second Cup adjusts the conditions of the franchise agreement, for instance the coffee shop’s outlook and withdraws its financial assistance, the Hatches will have to meet up with the costs. This might derail their business strategies making them have a financial hiccup for utilizing a lot of money. In addition, in case of a hike in price of coffee in the future by the supplier recommended by Second Cup as per the contract, the Hatches will not be able to find a new supplier because the contract has no opening for that freedom. Hence, they will not enjoy the profits. Opportunities The franchise contract will give the Hatches an opportunity to equip themselves with business knowledge especially since they do not have adequate background on management. They will have an opportunity to assess some of the risks related to their business and conclude on how to mitigate such risks. Second Cup is offering the Hatches a three-week course at their coffee college to enlighten the couple on the fundamentals of coffee and retail business. This will keep the couple on toes concerning the competitive business environment. Threats The threat the Hatches have upon signing the franchise contract with Second Cup is franchise termination, which would happen if the Hatches do not pay royalties such as the promotion royalties as stipulated in the contract and other unpaid fees. This can be through frivolous litigation or legal release. Alternatives There are three alternatives to franchising the coffee shop. Licensing This is a situation where an entity will allow the Hatches to start up a version of its coffee shop under the Hatches name. The first advantage of this method is that the sales process and legal documentation are simple as compared to a franchise agreement. The second advantage is that in licensing, the Hatches will be able to act as an autonomous company making changes and decisions for themselves. Every operation will in line their interest, as opposed to the inflexibility that is in a franchise agreement. The other advantage is that the cost will not be as hefty as in franchising. One disadvantage is that the couple will not have the opportunity to build a brand name and establish themselves in the market through adequate advertisement as franchisees would. This will be detrimental to them because it will be their first ownership venture with inadequate experience. The second disadvantage is that with such limited experience, licensing does not give them the opportunity to go thr ough training as Second Cup does. Hence, the couple will be operating blindly without enlightenment. For lack of knowledge and direction, the coffee shop might crumble. Thirdly, the new business might develop impractical business practices. No â€Å"Fee† Route The Hatches in this case will have to look for an entity that offers no fee. The entity does not compromise profits fully but develops a transaction structure that does not resemble a franchise agreement. Therefore, the Hatches will choose either to share ownership of the coffee shop with the entity or start a dealership where the entity supplies coffee to the shop as a wholesale while the Hatches become the retailers. The advantage here is that the Hatches will be free from hefty investments like the advertising fees, royalties, training, and initial or equipment fee. The second advantage is that the Hatches will also be in a position to make business decisions autonomously. However, it also has three advantages. The first one is that the entity is not accountable for any training leaving the Hatches on the losing side because of lack of adequate skills. The second advantage is that the hatches will not have a trademarked logo and thirdly the Hatches will not have a good idea of be tter suppliers in the market. In case they do, they will have already killed their profits. Trademark License This method is almost like franchise since the entity also licenses its trademark. However, the trademark licensor does not undertake operational support or control. The advantage is that the Hatches can get the trademark and still operate autonomously. This would earn them publicity and their market would increase. Another advantage is that they will also have a relief on the cost since it does not incur royalties or training costs. Consequently, the Hatches will not be tied to only one supplier of coffee in case of rise in price by their supplier. The disadvantage of this alternative is that the Hatches will not undergo a training program, limiting their capacity to run the business. In addition, since they are incapable of making a good start, they might spoil the brand of the trademark licensor. They might not be able to control how they use the brand name. The third disadvantage is that due to lack of training, the hatches will not assess the risks in the industry and therefore lack competit5ive advantage. Recommendation For Ken and Mary Hatch, the best means to use to start up their coffee shop is to accept the franchise contract that Second Cup offers. They are in dire need of becoming entrepreneurs and on that note, franchising will be best because it offers business training, promotion through a trademark logo and premise building. They should sign the contract in the presence of a lawyer to vet the jurisdiction and confirm that the conditions are feasible. Implementation Long-term After making a choice of being a franchisee, the first step will be to sign the franchise contract in the presence of a lawyer. The franchise contract courtesy of Second Cup contains rules and regulations that will govern the partnership. It will clearly define the requirement of the coffee shop as a franchisee and the code of conduct to be adopted by the coffee shop. This will be a binding agreement between the Hatches and Second Cup that will serve as a long-term reminder for the business relationship. Since the Hatches are unable to raise the total investment cost, which is $200,000, Second Cup through its bank will accept their savings of $ 20,000 and finance the remainder at 5%. The building of the coffee shop premise by Second Cup will be another long-term venture because it will establish the location and the market. Once the building is done and the outlook is complete, the Hatches will then venture into the business. Second Cup will in turn rent the building to the Hatches The training will be vital and it is a long-term investment because the Hatches will undertake a three-week course on the fundamentals of coffee and this will give them insight. They will also develop expertise in the field of management to assess business risks and they will be positioned on the same radar as the other competitors. The training will involve business plan manuals that will give them better ideas on entrepreneurship. These ideas will be used for a long-term in the business enabling it to grow. Another long-term implementation plan will be the franchisor’s responsibility to give the coffee shop a brand or a trademark logo that will establish it among other franchisees in the same field. This will give the coffee shop permanent recognition in the market because the clients will associate it with the big brand. It might even result to a bigger business in the future. Since clients have already familiarized with the franchisor in the wide market, the Hatches will attain a reputable personality. Second Cup will also need to establish a relationship between the supplier and the Hatches. They will have to comply with the supplier chosen since Second Cup is in charge and makes the ultimate decision. Since the coffee sales are growing, the Hatches will be sure to have a successful business. They will have good savings by purchasing supplies from Second Cup. Short-term Second Cup will produce marketing expertise who will market the coffee shop in Markham. The expertise will derive unique ways of promoting the business so that the clients are aware of it as a new outlet of Second Cup. This will involve promotional campaigns and advertisements, which the Hatches will have to pay royalties according to the franchise agreement. This will be short-term since it will serve to entice the interest of the consumer and after achieving this goal, the promotion will be toned down.

Flowers in Japanese Proverbs

Flowers in Japanese Proverbs There are quite a few Japanese proverbs that include flowers. A flower is hana in Japanese. Although hana also means, nose, it should be obvious by the context what is meant, so dont worry. Also, they appear different when written in kanji (as they do not share the same kanji characters). Click this link to learn the kanji character for flowers. Here are some Japanese proverbs including the word flower. Iwanu ga hana è ¨â‚¬Ã£â€š Ã£  ¬Ã£ Å'èŠ ± - Literally translated as, Not speaking is the flower. It means, Some things are better left unsaid; Silence is golden.Takane no hana é «ËœÃ¥ ¶ ºÃ£  ®Ã¨Å  ± - Literally translated as, Flower on a high peak. It means, something out of ones reach. Some things are beautiful to look at, but realistically, there is no way you can get them. The object might be something that you want very much but cant have.Hana ni arashi èŠ ±Ã£  «Ã¥ µ  - There is a famous Japanese saying, Tsuki ni muragumo, hana ni arashi (The moon is often hidden by a cloud; flowers are often scattered by the wind). Hana ni arashi is a shortened version of, Tsuki ni muragumo, hana ni arashi. It means that life often brings misfortune at a time of great happiness or Nothing is certain in this world.Hana yori dango èŠ ±Ã£â€šË†Ã£â€šÅ Ã¥â€º £Ã¥ ­  - Literally translated as, Dumplings rather than flowers. It means that the practical is preferred over the aesthetic. In sp ring, the Japanese traditionally go to the countryside or parks for flower viewing (hanami). However, they often seem to be more interested in eating or drinking alcohol than appreciating the beauty of the flowers. It is an example of the fickle nature of humans. Tonari no hana wa akai éš £Ã£  ®Ã¨Å  ±Ã£  ¯Ã¨ µ ¤Ã£ â€ž - Literally translated as, The neighbors flowers are red. It means that the grass is always greener on the other side. There is also another saying, Tonari no shibafu wa aoi (The neighbors lawn is green). Here are more expressions including the word flower. Hanashi ni hana ga saku è © ±Ã£  «Ã¨Å  ±Ã£ Å'å’ ²Ã£   - To have a lively discussion.Hana o motaseru èŠ ±Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¦Å' Ã£ Å¸Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€¹ - To let someone have the credit for something.Hana o sakaseru èŠ ±Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥â€™ ²Ã£ â€¹Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€¹ - To succeed.Hana to chiru èŠ ±Ã£  ¨Ã¦â€¢ £Ã£â€šâ€¹ - To die gracefully.Ryoute ni hana ä ¸ ¡Ã¦â€°â€¹Ã£  «Ã¨Å  ± - To have a double advantage, to be between two pretty women. Flower Vocabulary asagao æÅ" Ã© ¡â€ - morning glorykiku è Å  - chrysanthemumsuisen æ ° ´Ã¤ »â„¢ - daffodilbara èâ€"ӏâ€"‡ - roseyuri ç™ ¾Ã¥ Ë† - lilyhimawari 㠁 ²Ã£  ¾Ã£â€š Ã£â€šÅ  - sunflowerchuurippu ãÆ' Ã£Æ' ¥Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ'Æ'ãÆ'â€" - tuliphinagiku 㠁 ²Ã£  ªÃ£ Å½Ã£   - daisykaaneeshon ã‚ «Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£â€š ·Ã£Æ' §Ã£Æ' ³ - carnationayame 㠁‚ã‚„ã‚  - irisshoubu - Japanese irisran è˜ ­ - orchiddairya ãÆ'ۋÆ' ªÃ£Æ' ¤ - dahliakosumosu ã‚ ³Ã£â€š ¹Ã£Æ' ¢Ã£â€š ¹ - cosmosumire 㠁™ã  ¿Ã£â€šÅ' - violettanpopo ã‚ ¿Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ'  - dandelionajisai 㠁‚㠁˜ã â€¢Ã£ â€ž - hydrangeabotan ç‰ ¡Ã¤ ¸ ¹- peonysuiren ç  ¡Ã¨â€œ ® - water lilysuzuran 㠁™ã Å¡Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£â€šâ€œ - lily of the valleytsubaki æ ¤ ¿ - camellia Japanese Girls Names with Flowers It is quite popular to use either the word for flower, hana, or the name of a flower, when naming a girl. When using, hana, as a name, it can have variations such as, Hanae, Hanao, Hanaka, Hanako, Hanami, Hanayo etc. Sakura (cherry blossom) has been a popular name for a long time and constantly appears in top 10 lists for girl’s names. Momo (peach blossom) is another favorite. Other possible Japanese names with flowers are, Yuri (lily), Ayame (iris), Ran (orchid), Sumire (violet), Tsubaki (camellia) and so on. Although Kiku (chrysanthemum) and Ume (ume blossom) are also female names, they sound a little old fashioned.

Importance of Organizations Concerned With Elderly Populace Essay

Importance of Organizations Concerned With Elderly Populace - Essay Example Ageing comes with several diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, Werner syndrome and renal failure. These conditions should be prevented or treated immediately. Therefore, organizations that deal with ageing populace such as AARP have doctors and nurses who are qualified and competent in old age-related diseases. Â  Their programs cater for fitness activities that include body and mental exercises to prevent related diseases. The elderly populace train in the gym with a qualified trainer competent in old-age exercises, and involve in mental games to jog their brains (Howard, 2012). Â  Examples of elderly games include music therapy, video, digital and computer games (National Council on Aging, 2012). These activities prevent diseases, unify the elderly and keep them busy thus they maintain their health.3. Government benefits most of the elderly populace have stopped working and are dependent individuals who need financial assistance. The organizations have come into aid since th ese individuals may have no family members alive who can aid in the paperwork. The organizations assume this task and solicit the funds for them (National Council on Aging, 2012). The funds are partly given to organizations and partly given to individuals. This is to ensure an efficient program by the organization and financial independence for the elderly. Â  The organizations use the money for shelter, garments, foodstuff, healthcare and other festive activities like world tours for the elderly, which unifies them.

Briefing paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Briefing paper - Essay Example First and foremost, Subway must develop understanding and acceptance about cultural differences. This will be accomplished through an exchange and training programs to all of its subsidiaries to facilitate the easy exchange of information. With the concept of open-mindedness, expatriation will be successful. Finally, Subway must somehow consider other motivating factors and a change of management structure in order to remain competitive. 2. Terms of Reference Motivating people is one of the challenging tasks a manager must handle. Usually, work motivation among employees is influenced by cultural issues particularly in international companies. â€Å"Managing across cultures requires motivating employees from various cultures, but finding a framework for motivating and managing behavior across cultures has proven to be difficult† (Silverthorne, 2005, p.98). Based on the research conducted by Kreitner (2009, p.102), employees are looking for a process that is geographically cohe rent. However, because of diversity in individual needs and workplace expectations, motivating practices from one organization will not be anymore successful towards other jurisdiction. Management-Expert (ME) is a global firm that gives consulting services and training programs to all kinds of management issues. ... Just recently, Subway management decided to expatriate workers for them to experience the culturally diverse global workforce. However, the company encountered some disadvantages and one of those is the adaptability to the culture of foreign environments. Because of these cross-cultural differences, employees are having low morale and at the same time turnover becomes high. Per evaluation of the management team, employee motivation is severely damaged. This briefing paper will serve to explain the nature of Subway’s problem, the overview and analysis of the situation, and some suggested remedies/ recommendations to the problem. 3. Overview of the Situation Expatriating employees is one of Subway’s management strategies to make their employees globally skillful. The organization’s objective is to increase the cultural intelligence of their employees in terms of adapting to different cultures. This is also some kind of private motivation among their front line peop le and managers for them to have a broader global perspective among their international subsidiaries. However, the decision brings some drawbacks and it caused a severe damage to the attitudes and behaviors of employees toward their jobs. In other words, employees are not anymore motivated plainly because of the differences in work values, practices, and culture of foreign environments. According to Finsterbusch (2003, p.6), even though most of the countries nowadays are driven by technological and economic development, there is still no room for uniformed global culture. Values will only shift based on the trend but the origin of the culture in which it is employed will not be constant and so dealing with expatriates need to be